This systematic review assessed the efficacy of acupuncture for treating overactive bladder (OAB) in adults, drawing on 15 studies involving 1,395 participants. Evidence suggested acupuncture may slightly improve OAB symptoms compared to medication and might reduce the incidence of minor adverse events. However, the evidence is of low to very low certainty due to methodological flaws, small sample sizes, and variability in study designs. Comparisons between acupuncture and sham acupuncture or no treatment revealed limited or uncertain benefits, with no major adverse events reported across studies. The diversity in acupuncture methods, treatment durations, and outcome measures hindered the ability to draw robust conclusions.

Future research should focus on larger, well-designed studies with standardized protocols, including sham acupuncture controls and long-term follow-ups. A core set of outcomes for OAB treatment studies and adherence to acupuncture reporting standards (STRICTA guidelines) are recommended. While acupuncture may offer a potential alternative for individuals who cannot tolerate other treatments, its role in OAB management remains uncertain. Further investigation into its mechanisms and cost-effectiveness is warranted to guide clinical practice.

Reference: Hargreaves E, Baker K, Barry G, et al. Acupuncture for treating overactive bladder in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022;9(9):CD013519. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013519.pub2.