Overactive bladder (OAB) is a condition characterized by urinary urgency, frequency, and sometimes nocturia, affecting a significant portion of the adult population, especially those over 40. Pharmacotherapy is often the first line of treatment, but its limited efficacy and adverse effects prompt many patients to seek alternative solutions. Neuromodulation techniques, like sacral nerve stimulation (SNM) and posterior tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS), have emerged as effective, less invasive options. PTNS, in particular, offers advantages such as lower cost and fewer side effects compared with SNM, making it a popular treatment for patients with OAB who do not respond to conservative therapies.

PTNS works by modulating the tibial nerve to impact bladder control, with various forms available, including percutaneous, transcutaneous, and implantable devices. Percutaneous PTNS involves inserting a needle near the tibial nerve, while transcutaneous PTNS uses surface electrodes for stimulation, offering patients a non-invasive option. New implantable devices, like BlueWind RENOVA and eCoin, offer continuous neuromodulation without the need for frequent clinic visits, making them convenient for patients.

Reference: Al-Danakh A, Safi M, Alradhi M, et al. Posterior Tibial Nerve Stimulation for Overactive Bladder: Mechanism, Classification, and Management Outlines. Parkinsons Dis. 2022;2022:2700227. doi: 10.1155/2022/2700227.