Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is a minimally invasive treatment for bladder and bowel dysfunctions like overactive bladder (OAB), fecal incontinence (FI), and non-obstructive urinary retention. It is typically offered to patients unresponsive to conservative therapies. SNM stimulates the sacral nerve root, modulating neural circuits and altering brain activity, potentially overriding abnormal signals. It has shown effectiveness in relieving both “dry” (without incontinence) and “wet” (with incontinence) OAB, providing long-term symptom relief.

Endorsed by the American Urological Association and International Continence Society, SNM is a third-line treatment for severe OAB and a surgical option for FI. Studies report significant long-term improvements in bladder control and incontinence episodes. SNM also benefits patients with neurogenic bladder and Fowler’s syndrome. While alternatives like botulinum toxin exist, SNM remains a reliable option, especially with advances like magnetic resonance imaging-compatible devices enhancing its use.

Reference: Mass-Lindenbaum M, Calderón-Pollak D, Goldman HB, Pizarro-Berdichevsky J. Sacral neuromodulation – when and for who. Int Braz J Urol. 2021;47(3):647-656. doi: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2021.99.08.